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Southeastern Monochamus and Their Interactions with Healthy Shortleaf Pine Trees and Associated Ips Grandicollis Bark Beetles

Southeastern Monochamus and Their Interactions with Healthy Shortleaf Pine Trees and Associated Ips Grandicollis Bark Beetles

by Matthew Walker

164 pages

About This Book

Insects in the genus Monochamus are medium to large-sized, wood-boring beetles whose primary hosts in the Northern Hemisphere are pine trees. These beetles interact with both conifer hosts and associated insects throughout their life history. Past research has demonstrated that Monochamus are saprop...

Reading Time Estimates

4h 11m

slow reader

180 WPM

3h 0m

average reader

250 WPM

2h 9m

fast reader

350 WPM

πŸ“– 45,100 wordsπŸ“… 6 days at 30 min/day

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WPM

Reading time

3 h

at 250 words per minute

Audiobook (1.5x)

3 h 20 min

at 1.5x narration speed

Audio 1x

5 h 1 min

Audio 2x

2 h 30 min

That's about:

  • πŸ“…7 daysΒ reading 30 min/day
  • πŸš‡7 commutesΒ of 30 min each

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