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A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems — Robert V. O'Neill

A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems

by Robert V. O'Neill

268 pages

About This Book

"Ecosystem" is an intuitively appealing concept to most ecologists, but, in spite of its widespread use, the term remains diffuse and ambiguous. The authors of this book argue that previous attempts to define the concept have been derived from particular viewpoints to the exclusion of others equally...

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Reading Time Estimates

6h 49m

slow reader

180 WPM

4h 55m

average reader

250 WPM

3h 31m

fast reader

350 WPM

📖 73,700 words📅 10 days at 30 min/day

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WPM

Reading time

4 h 55 min

at 250 words per minute

Audiobook (1.5x)

5 h 28 min

at 1.5x narration speed

Audio 1x

8 h 11 min

Audio 2x

4 h 6 min

That's about:

  • 📅10 days reading 30 min/day
  • 🚇10 commutes of 30 min each